ios_base (Base class with template-independent members for the standard stream class hierarchy)

Base class with template-independent members for the standard stream class hierarchy.

Standard hierarchy

ios_base

ios

Public member functions:

flags	Get/set format flags.
getloc	Get current locale.
imbue	Imbue locale.
iword	Get reference to a long element of the internal extensible array.
precision	Get/set floating-point decimal presision.
pword	Get reference to a void* element of the internal extensible array.
register_callback	Register event callback function.
setf	Set some format flags.
sync_with_stdio	Activates / Deactivates synchronization with cstdio functions. [static]
unsetf	Clear format flag.
width	Get/set field width.
xalloc	Return a new index for the internal extensible array. [static]

Note: Constructor is protected.

Member types / Nested classes:

event	Event.
failure	Base class for stream exceptions.
fmtflags	Bitmask type for format flags.
Init	Embedded class that ensures the construction of stream objects.
iostate	Bitmask type for state flags.
openmode	Bitmask type for opening mode flags.
seekdir	Enumerated-like type to indicate seeking direction.

Applicable Manipulators:

boolalpha	insert/extract bool objects as names (true or false).
dec	insert/extract integer values in decimal format.
fixed	insert floating-point values in fixed format.
hex	insert/extract integer values in hexadecimal format.
internal	internal-justify.
left	left-justify.
noboolalpha	insert/extract bool objects as numeric values.
noshowbase	do not prefix value with its base.
noshowpoint	do not show decimal point if not necessary.
noshowpos	do not insert plus sign (+) if number is non-negative.
noskipws	do not skip initial white space on extracting.
nounitbuf	do not flush buffer after each insert operation.
nouppercase	do not replace lowercase letters by uppercase equivalents.
oct	insert/extract values in octal format.
right	right-justify.
scientific	insert floating-point values in scientific format.
showbase	prefix value with its base
showpoint	always show decimal point when inserting floating-point values
showpos	insert plus sign (+) before every non-negative value.
skipws	skip initial white space on extracting.
unitbuf	flush buffer after each insert operation
uppercase	replace lowercase letters by uppercase equivalents.

Description

  The class is designed to be a base class for all the stream classes hierarchy. It describes the most basic part of a stream which is common to all stream objects. It is not intended to be directly instantiated to objects.
  Both the ios_base class and its derived ios class define the members of every stream that are independent of wether the stream object is an input or an output stream. ios_base describes the members that are template-independent (i.e. the part that is not dependent on the type of character used by the stream) while ios describes the members that are template-dependent.

  The ios_base class is in charge of mantaining internally the following information of a stream:

Formatting information:

• format flags: a set of flags describing how certain input/output operations shall be interpreted. It is an internal object of type ios_base::fmtflags that can be obtained/modified by calling members flags, setf and unsetf. The manipulators listed above modify individual format flags.
  
• field width: describes the width of the next element to be output. It is an integer of type streamsize and may be obtained/modified by calling member width.
  
• display precision: describes the decimal precision to be used to output floating-point values. It is an integer value of type streamsize and can be obtained/modified by calling member precision.
  
• locale object: describes localization properties to be considered when formatting i/o operations. It is an object of type locale that can be obtained calling member getloc and modified using imbue.
  

State information:

• error state: internal object of type ios_base::iostate reflecting the integrity and current error state of the stream. The current object may be obtained by calling ios::rdstate and can be modified by calling ios::clear and ios::setstate. Individual values may be obtained by calling ios::good, ios::eof, ios::fail and ios::bad.
  
• exception mask: mask that describes when an exception shall be thrown. It is an integer value of type ios_base::iostate. Its value can be retrieved/modified by calling member ios::exceptions.
  

Other:

• event function stack: stack of pointers to callback functions that are called when certain events occur. Additional callback functions may be registered to be called when an even occurs, with member register_callback.
• two internal extensible arrays: internal arrays of long objects and void pointers. To extend the array call class member xalloc, and to get references to these objects call iword or pword